User can update fields on Cloud Documents at the time of File Upload. Follow the steps below:
- Go to the specific record where you've added the Azure Integration Lightning Component. Click on the gear icon and select "Edit Page".

- Find the Azure Integration component within the page editor.
- Within the Azure Integration component settings, locate the field labeled "Cloud Document Field API Name".Enter the API name of the field you want to update. (Note: This feature supports only Picklist, Text, Text Area, and Text Area (Long) field types.)
- Click on "Save" to preserve the changes made.

- With these settings in place, when you upload the file using the Azure Integration Lightning Component, you'll have the option to update the Cloud Document fields.
- Add or select the value for the specified fields during the file upload process.
- Click on "Save and Done" to confirm the upload.

- The Cloud Document will be created, and the specified field will be updated on the Cloud Document record as per the values provided during the file upload.
P.S. Discover Azure Integration, the easy way to upload files from any Salesforce record to Azure. Find it on AppExchange: https://appexchange.salesforce.com/appxListingDetail?listingId=c9e71bd6-5bab-4182-a461-b82d4f971183