Yes, It works!
Once you upload a file with a long name from Salesforce to Amazon S3 or Amazon S3 to Salesforce it creates Cloud Documents in Salesforce. The Cloud Documents Name field shows a truncated value but the Actual File Name field shows the Long File Name. You can use the actual file name or even a part of it in the global search to find the Cloud Document record.
Following images demonstrate the same.
1. In the below image you can see that the Cloud Document Record Name contains the truncated file name and the Actual File Name contains the complete file name.
2. You can use any part of the Actual File Name (even the one that is not a part of the Cloud Document record name) in the global search to find the respective Cloud Document record as shown.
Note - How to configure search layout fields if the name is not already added for global search.
1. Go to Setup, and then select Object Manager.
2. Choose the object that you want to edit, and then select Search Layouts.
3. To edit the layout, from the dropdown menu across from the layout, select Edit.
4. To change what’s visible on the page, move fields between Available Fields and Selected Fields.
5. To customize the fields that appear as column headings in the layout, select one or more fields, and then click Add or Remove and Save it.
6. Go back to the app and search again. Now you will see the new field value on the screen.